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Hubbard square 16x16, open, U = 8, n = 0.875, t12 (t2 = -0.2)

Record

-0.7097(1) E/site

Tensor backflow (wave function of the PBC run with pinning field PF3, re-optimised 1324 steps with open boundaries, 1 Lanczos step)

Liang (2026) · lowest unflagged energy published, a strict variational bound (rules §6)

The Hamiltonian

H = −t1 ∑⟨ij⟩,σ (c†iσcjσ + h.c.) −t2 ∑⟨⟨ij⟩⟩,σ (c†iσcjσ + h.c.) + U ∑i ni↑ni↓

t1 = 1, t2 = -0.2, U = 8, N↑ = N↓ = 112 on 256 sites.

This instance is a t12 variant with a next-nearest-neighbour hopping t2, written as in VarBench's Eq. (S6). t2 is the t′ of the sources' H = −t ∑⟨ij⟩ − t′ ∑⟨⟨ij⟩⟩ + U ∑ ni↑ni↓. The couplings are those each source prints (see the rows).

lattice
square
sites
256
boundary
open
Nf
112
U
8
t1
1
t2
-0.2
energies
2

Stored as a total energy; quoted here as E/site, which is what the papers report (how the conversion works).

Every published energy

Grouped by what the number is. On a solved instance the exact energy is the record; otherwise the lowest unflagged energy of any group holds it (rules §6).

Strict variational upper bounds (2)

Energies that a variational state reached (VMC, DMRG and MPS at finite bond dimension, PEPS, NQS, VQE). Each is an upper bound on the ground-state energy.

E/sitedistance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.7097record 0 1.0e-4 n/a n/a Tensor backflow (wave function of the PBC run with pinning field PF3, re-optimised 1324 steps with open boundaries, 1 Lanczos step)
preprint
Liang (2026) 2026
-0.7048 4.9e-3 7.0e-4 n/a n/a Tensor backflow (wave function of the PBC run with pinning field PF3, re-optimised 1324 steps with open boundaries)
preprint
Liang (2026) 2026

How these numbers were read

Where each number below was read, and how it was checked.

-0.7097(1), Tensor backflow (wave function of the PBC run with pinning...

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2609.22618 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.7097(1)

Section III.C (OBC) text; also Fig. 7 caption; sources/2609.22618.txt line 573; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2609.22618.txt); no journal version (Crossref, arXiv abs page) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, t' = -0.2 (Eq. (S6) form of QMBL's t12 instances, t2 = t'), U = 8, n = 0.875, periodic; energies per site. The 16x16 pinning fields (Eq. 15) act during optimisation only and are removed before the Table III energies are measured.

-0.7048(7), Tensor backflow (wave function of the PBC run with pinning...

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2609.22618 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.7048(7)

Section III.C (OBC) text; sources/2609.22618.txt line 573; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2609.22618.txt); no journal version (Crossref, arXiv abs page) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, t' = -0.2 (Eq. (S6) form of QMBL's t12 instances, t2 = t'), U = 8, n = 0.875, periodic; energies per site. The 16x16 pinning fields (Eq. 15) act during optimisation only and are removed before the Table III energies are measured.

Coverage

Newest published number here: 2026.

This instance as data

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