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All instances / Hubbard

Hubbard square 12x12, U = -2, n = 0.875

Record

-2.0407 E/site

Fixed-node GFMC (trial state: ACE)

Gu et al. (2026) · lowest unflagged energy published, a projected estimate (rules §6)

The Hamiltonian

H = −t ∑⟨ij⟩,σ (c†iσcjσ + h.c.) + U ∑i ni↑ni↓

t = 1, U = -2, N↑ = N↓ = 63 on 144 sites.

lattice
square
sites
144
boundary
periodic
Nf
63
U
-2
energies
4

Stored as a total energy; quoted here as E/site, which is what the papers report (how the conversion works).

Every published energy

Grouped by what the number is. On a solved instance the exact energy is the record; otherwise the lowest unflagged energy of any group holds it (rules §6).

Strict variational upper bounds (2)

Energies that a variational state reached (VMC, DMRG and MPS at finite bond dimension, PEPS, NQS, VQE). Each is an upper bound on the ground-state energy.

E/sitedistance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-2.0405 2.0e-4 n/a n/a n/a ACE (16 conv layers)
peer reviewed
Gu et al. (2026) 2026
-2.0404 3.0e-4 n/a n/a n/a SCALE (1 conv layer)
peer reviewed
Gu et al. (2026) 2026

Projected or fixed-node estimates (2)

Variational only within a constraint: fixed-node, constrained-path, GFMC on a trial state. Each depends on its node or constraint, so two of them are not cleanly comparable to each other or to strict bounds.

E/sitedistance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-2.0407record 0 n/a n/a n/a Fixed-node GFMC (trial state: ACE)
peer reviewed
Gu et al. (2026) 2026
-2.0406 <1e-4 n/a n/a n/a Fixed-node GFMC (trial state: SCALE, 1 conv layer)
peer reviewed
Gu et al. (2026) 2026

How these numbers were read

Where each number below was read, and how it was checked.

-2.0407, Fixed-node GFMC (trial state: ACE)

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2604.25775 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -2.0407

Table IV (App. D, attractive Hubbard, t'=0, delta=1/8, PBC); columns 8x8 U=-2 | 8x8 U=-8 | 12x12 U=-2 | 12x12 U=-8; row ACE+GFMC, column 12x12 U=-2; sources/2604.25775.txt line 763; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2604.25775.txt); APS copy not reached (403, 2026-10-16) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, U = 8, doping 1/8 (Sec. III), periodic unless the column says OBC; energies per site. Pinning fields only in pre-training (App. C).

-2.0406, Fixed-node GFMC (trial state: SCALE, 1 conv layer)

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2604.25775 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -2.0406

Table IV (App. D, attractive Hubbard, t'=0, delta=1/8, PBC); columns 8x8 U=-2 | 8x8 U=-8 | 12x12 U=-2 | 12x12 U=-8; row SCALE+GFMC, column 12x12 U=-2; sources/2604.25775.txt line 761; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2604.25775.txt); APS copy not reached (403, 2026-10-16) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, U = 8, doping 1/8 (Sec. III), periodic unless the column says OBC; energies per site. Pinning fields only in pre-training (App. C).

-2.0405, ACE (16 conv layers)

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2604.25775 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -2.0405

Table IV (App. D, attractive Hubbard, t'=0, delta=1/8, PBC); columns 8x8 U=-2 | 8x8 U=-8 | 12x12 U=-2 | 12x12 U=-8; row ACE, column 12x12 U=-2; sources/2604.25775.txt line 762; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2604.25775.txt); APS copy not reached (403, 2026-10-16) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, U = 8, doping 1/8 (Sec. III), periodic unless the column says OBC; energies per site. Pinning fields only in pre-training (App. C).

-2.0404, SCALE (1 conv layer)

Checked 2026-10-22 · source text of arXiv:2604.25775 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -2.0404

Table IV (App. D, attractive Hubbard, t'=0, delta=1/8, PBC); columns 8x8 U=-2 | 8x8 U=-8 | 12x12 U=-2 | 12x12 U=-8; row SCALE, column 12x12 U=-2; sources/2604.25775.txt line 760; version read: arXiv v1 (sources/2604.25775.txt); APS copy not reached (403, 2026-10-16) | Eq. (8): H = -t sum_<ij> - t' sum_<<ij>> + U sum n_up n_dn, t = 1, U = 8, doping 1/8 (Sec. III), periodic unless the column says OBC; energies per site. Pinning fields only in pre-training (App. C).

Coverage

Newest published number here: 2026.

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