QMBLthe quantum many-body leaderboardbeta

All instances / Electron gas, 3D

Electron gas, 3D sc cell, N = 54, rs = 20, unpolarized

Record

-0.0320524(5) E/N (Ha)

MP-NQS (plane-wave orbitals)

10.1103/PhysRevB.110.035108 · lowest unflagged energy published, a strict variational bound (rules §6)

The Hamiltonian

H = −½ ∑i ∇i2 + ∑i<j vE(ri − rj) + Nξ/2

Homogeneous electron gas in 3D: N↑ = 27, N↓ = 27 in a periodic sc cell at rs = 20 bohr, Γ point. vE is the Ewald-summed Coulomb interaction with a uniform neutralizing background, ξ the Madelung term. Hartree atomic units; the energy per electron is E/N.

cell
sc
electrons
54
boundary
periodic
N_up
27
N_dn
27
rs
20
twist
Gamma
energies
20

Stored as a total energy in Hartree (rules §12); quoted here as E/N (Ha), the energy per electron (how the conversion works).

Every published energy

Grouped by what the number is. Where the instance is not solved, the lowest unflagged energy of any group is the record.

Strict variational upper bounds (11)

Where the instance is not solved, the record is the lowest unflagged energy in this group or among the projected and extrapolated ones, with or without an error bar; where it is solved, the exact energy is the record and the lowest of these is the closest challenger.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.0320524record 0 5.0e-7 n/a n/a MP-NQS (plane-wave orbitals)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.110.035108 2024
-0.0320480 4.4e-6 6.0e-7 n/a n/a MP-NQS (Gaussian orbitals on bcc sites)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.110.035108 2024
-0.0319984 5.4e-5 8.0e-7 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow-backflow (homogeneous backflow + three-electron Jastrow)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006
-0.03189 1.6e-4 1.0e-5 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow-backflow (three-body correlation)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998
-0.031858 1.9e-4 1.0e-6 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow (three-electron Jastrow)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006
-0.031825 2.3e-4 5.0e-6 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow-backflow
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998
-0.031767 2.9e-4 2.0e-6 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006
-0.031740 3.1e-4 5.0e-6 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow (three-body correlation)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998
-0.0316886 3.6e-4 1.0e-7 n/a n/a DeepSolid (1 determinant, 3 layers 256/32)
peer reviewed
10.1038/s41467-022-35627-1 2022
-0.031665 3.9e-4 5.0e-6 n/a n/a Slater-Jastrow
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998
-0.02205 1.0e-2 2.0e-5 n/a n/a Hartree-Fock (plane-wave determinant, VMC estimate)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006

Projected or fixed-node estimates (5)

Variational only within a constraint: fixed-node, constrained-path, GFMC on a trial state. Node- or constraint-dependent, so not cleanly comparable to each other or to strict bounds. Like any unflagged energy, one holds the record where it is the lowest on an unsolved instance.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.032047 5.4e-6 2.0e-6 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow-backflow + three-electron Jastrow; extrapolated: Δτ → 0)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006
-0.032015 3.7e-5 5.0e-6 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow-backflow + three-body)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998
-0.031976 7.6e-5 8.0e-6 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.110.035108 2024
-0.031973 7.9e-5 3.0e-6 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow + three-electron Jastrow; extrapolated: Δτ → 0)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevE.74.066701 2006
-0.031940 1.1e-4 5.0e-6 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.58.6800 1998

Extrapolations (4)

Zero-variance, bond-dimension or Trotter-error extrapolations. Not a bound: no ansatz reached the number itself. Like any unflagged energy, one holds the record where it is the lowest on an unsolved instance.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.03113 9.2e-4 n/a n/a n/a TC-DCD (correlator cutoff k_c = 3 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.03055 1.5e-3 n/a n/a n/a TC-CCD (correlator cutoff k_c = 3 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.02925 2.8e-3 n/a n/a n/a DCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.02846 3.6e-3 n/a n/a n/a CCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021

How these numbers were read

Where each number below was read, and how it was checked.

-0.0320524(5) — MP-NQS (plane-wave orbitals)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2305.07240 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.0320524(5)

Table II (Appendix G), N=54 unpolarized, rs=20, column MP-NQS; sources/2305.07240.txt line 682; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Appendix G Tables I-V; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, simple cubic cell; Eq. 13 gives the Ewald sum and 'const.'. The WAP-net values it quotes equal arXiv:2202.04622's Table III (Madelung included) / 2 to 5e-7, and its own N = 14, rs = 1 energy sits 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy, as theirs does.

-0.0320480(6) — MP-NQS (Gaussian orbitals on bcc sites)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2305.07240 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.0320480(6)

Table II (Appendix G), N=54 unpolarized, rs=20, column MP-NQS (Gauss); sources/2305.07240.txt line 682; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Appendix G Tables I-V; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, simple cubic cell; Eq. 13 gives the Ewald sum and 'const.'. The WAP-net values it quotes equal arXiv:2202.04622's Table III (Madelung included) / 2 to 5e-7, and its own N = 14, rs = 1 energy sits 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy, as theirs does.

-0.032047(2) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow-backflow +...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.032047(2)

Table I, rs=20.0, row BF3, column ED; sources/0801.0518.txt line 271; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

-0.032015(5) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow-backflow +...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06403(1)

Table II, row E^SJ+3BD+BF_FN, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 624; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.0319984(8) — Slater-Jastrow-backflow (homogeneous backflow +...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.0319984(8)

Table I, rs=20.0, row BF3; sources/0801.0518.txt line 271; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

-0.031976(8) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2305.07240 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.031976(8)

Table II (Appendix G), N=54 unpolarized, rs=20, column FN-DMC; sources/2305.07240.txt line 682; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Appendix G Tables I-V; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, simple cubic cell; Eq. 13 gives the Ewald sum and 'const.'. The WAP-net values it quotes equal arXiv:2202.04622's Table III (Madelung included) / 2 to 5e-7, and its own N = 14, rs = 1 energy sits 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy, as theirs does.

-0.031973(3) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow +...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.031973(3)

Table I, rs=20.0, row SJ3, column ED; sources/0801.0518.txt line 270; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

-0.031940(5) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: Slater-Jastrow)

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06388(1)

Table II, row E^SJ_FN, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 623; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.03189(1) — Slater-Jastrow-backflow (three-body correlation)

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06378(2)

Table II, row E^SJ+3BD+BF_VMC, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 621; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.031858(1) — Slater-Jastrow (three-electron Jastrow)

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.031858(1)

Table I, rs=20.0, row SJ3; sources/0801.0518.txt line 270; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

-0.031825(5) — Slater-Jastrow-backflow

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06365(1)

Table II, row E^SJ+BF_VMC, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 620; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.031767(2) — Slater-Jastrow

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.031767(2)

Table I, rs=20.0, row SJ; sources/0801.0518.txt line 269; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

-0.031740(5) — Slater-Jastrow (three-body correlation)

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06348(1)

Table II, row E^SJ+3BD_VMC, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 619; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.0316886(1) — DeepSolid (1 determinant, 3 layers 256/32)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2203.15472 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.0316886(1)

Supplementary Table 11, row rs=20, column 'Net'; sources/2203.15472.txt line 1018; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv:2203.15472v2 text, Supplementary Table 11; Nature Communications copy not read | Ha per electron, 54-electron closed-shell gas in a simple cubic cell (27 + 27); QMBL's HF check: at rs = 0.5 the energy 3.221226 sits 0.044 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 3.2653295.

-0.031665(5) — Slater-Jastrow

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:cond-mat/9803092 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.06333(1)

Table II, row E^SJ_VMC, rs=20.0; sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt line 618; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv text (sources/cond-mat-9803092.txt), Tables II and III; APS copy not read | Ry per electron (converted × 1/2), N electrons in a cube with periodic boundary conditions (simple cubic). Checked against arXiv:0801.0518 on the same instance: the fixed-node DMC energy with backflow nodes, 1.0601(2) Ry = 0.53005 Ha at N = 54, rs = 1, agrees with its 0.52989(1) Ha, 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.569245.

-0.03113 — TC-DCD (correlator cutoff k_c = 3 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.03113

Table II, row rs=20.0, column TC-DCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 394; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.03055 — TC-CCD (correlator cutoff k_c = 3 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.03055

Table II, row rs=20.0, column TC-CCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 394; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.02925 — DCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.02925

Table II, row rs=20.0, column DCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 394; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.02846 — CCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.02846

Table II, row rs=20.0, column CCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 394; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.02205(2) — Hartree-Fock (plane-wave determinant, VMC estimate)

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:0801.0518 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.02205(2)

Table I, rs=20.0, row HF; sources/0801.0518.txt line 268; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, 54 electrons (27 + 27) in a simple cubic cell. The paper's Hartree-Fock energies (VMC of the plane-wave determinant) match QMBL's HF energy within their error bars at all six rs, e.g. 0.5689(4) against 0.569245 at rs = 1 (checks/heg-hf/convention-check-2026-10-17.json).

Coverage

Newest published number here: 2024.

This instance as data

JSON · source file on GitHub · add a result · open an issue about this instance