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All instances / Electron gas, 3D

Electron gas, 3D sc cell, N = 14, rs = 10, unpolarized

Record

-0.0552180(5) E/N (Ha)

Fixed-node DMC (trial state: iterative backflow)

10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235139 · lowest unflagged energy published, a projected estimate (rules §6)

The Hamiltonian

H = −½ ∑i ∇i2 + ∑i<j vE(ri − rj) + Nξ/2

Homogeneous electron gas in 3D: N↑ = 7, N↓ = 7 in a periodic sc cell at rs = 10 bohr, Γ point. vE is the Ewald-summed Coulomb interaction with a uniform neutralizing background, ξ the Madelung term. Hartree atomic units; the energy per electron is E/N.

cell
sc
electrons
14
boundary
periodic
N_up
7
N_dn
7
rs
10
twist
Gamma
energies
20

Stored as a total energy in Hartree (rules §12); quoted here as E/N (Ha), the energy per electron (how the conversion works).

Every published energy

Grouped by what the number is. Where the instance is not solved, the lowest unflagged energy of any group is the record.

Strict variational upper bounds (13)

Where the instance is not solved, the record is the lowest unflagged energy in this group or among the projected and extrapolated ones, with or without an error bar; where it is solved, the exact energy is the record and the lowest of these is the closest challenger.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.0552126 5.4e-6 6.0e-7 n/a n/a MP-NQS (plane-wave orbitals)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.110.035108 2024
-0.0552038 1.4e-5 3.0e-7 n/a n/a WAP-net (n_d = 8)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235139 2023
-0.0552025 1.6e-5 3.0e-7 n/a n/a WAP-net (n_d = 1)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235139 2023
-0.0551799 3.8e-5 2.1e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (16 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0551786 3.9e-5 2.9e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (16 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation, step III re-optimisation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0551699 4.8e-5 2.1e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (16 determinants)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0551615 5.7e-5 3.5e-7 n/a n/a Iterative backflow (single determinant)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235139 2023
-0.0551086 1.1e-4 2.9e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (4 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation, step III re-optimisation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0551037 1.1e-4 2.9e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (4 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0550894 1.3e-4 2.1e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (1 determinant, Gaussian basis transformation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0550893 1.3e-4 2.9e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (1 determinant, Gaussian basis transformation, step III re-optimisation)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0550869 1.3e-4 2.9e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (4 determinants)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a
-0.0550698 1.5e-4 2.1e-7 n/a n/a FermiNet (1 determinant)
preprint
arXiv:2604.15888 n/a

Projected or fixed-node estimates (1)

Variational only within a constraint: fixed-node, constrained-path, GFMC on a trial state. Node- or constraint-dependent, so not cleanly comparable to each other or to strict bounds. Like any unflagged energy, one holds the record where it is the lowest on an unsolved instance.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.0552180record 0 5.0e-7 n/a n/a Fixed-node DMC (trial state: iterative backflow)
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.107.235139 2023

Extrapolations (6)

Zero-variance, bond-dimension or Trotter-error extrapolations. Not a bound: no ansatz reached the number itself. Like any unflagged energy, one holds the record where it is the lowest on an unsolved instance.

E/N (Ha)distance to recordσVar(E)V-score methodsourceyear
-0.05509 1.3e-4 n/a n/a n/a TC-DCD (correlator cutoff k_c = √2 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.0542 1.0e-3 n/a n/a n/a TC-CCD (correlator cutoff k_c = √2 × 2π/L; extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.05289 2.3e-3 n/a n/a n/a DCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021
-0.0519395 3.3e-3 4.3e-7 n/a n/a MP2 (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevB.86.035111 2012
-0.0513716 3.8e-3 n/a n/a n/a CCD (full CCD (driver, ladders, rings, crossed-rings, mosaics); equals CCSD in the HEG; extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1063/1.4867783 n/a
-0.05137 3.8e-3 n/a n/a n/a CCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))
peer reviewed
10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.033072 2021

How these numbers were read

Where each number below was read, and how it was checked.

-0.0552180(5) — Fixed-node DMC (trial state: iterative backflow)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2202.04622 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.110436(1)

Table III column EIBDMC, block Ne = 14 (paramagnetic), row rs = 10.0; sources/2202.04622.txt line 520; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv:2202.04622v3 text (title 'Wave function Ansatz (but Periodic) Networks and the Homogeneous Electron Gas'); APS copy not read | Table III in Ry per electron (converted × 1/2); Ewald sum with the Madelung term N v_M added (text); simple cubic cell. QMBL's HF check: at rs = 1, N = 14 the energies sit 0.0376 Ha per electron below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, a correlation energy; without the Madelung term they would sit 0.365 Ha higher.

-0.0552126(6) — MP-NQS (plane-wave orbitals)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2305.07240 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. −0.0552126(6)

Table I (Appendix G), N=14 unpolarized, rs=10, column MP-NQS; sources/2305.07240.txt line 665; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Appendix G Tables I-V; APS copy not read | Ha per electron, simple cubic cell; Eq. 13 gives the Ewald sum and 'const.'. The WAP-net values it quotes equal arXiv:2202.04622's Table III (Madelung included) / 2 to 5e-7, and its own N = 14, rs = 1 energy sits 0.0376 Ha below QMBL's HF energy, as theirs does.

-0.0552038(3) — WAP-net (n_d = 8)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2202.04622 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.1104076(6)

Table III column 3 (WAP-Net nd=8), block Ne = 14 (paramagnetic), row rs = 10.0; sources/2202.04622.txt line 520; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv:2202.04622v3 text (title 'Wave function Ansatz (but Periodic) Networks and the Homogeneous Electron Gas'); APS copy not read | Table III in Ry per electron (converted × 1/2); Ewald sum with the Madelung term N v_M added (text); simple cubic cell. QMBL's HF check: at rs = 1, N = 14 the energies sit 0.0376 Ha per electron below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, a correlation energy; without the Madelung term they would sit 0.365 Ha higher.

-0.0552025(3) — WAP-net (n_d = 1)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2202.04622 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.1104049(6)

Table III column 2 (WAP-Net nd=1), block Ne = 14 (paramagnetic), row rs = 10.0; sources/2202.04622.txt line 520; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv:2202.04622v3 text (title 'Wave function Ansatz (but Periodic) Networks and the Homogeneous Electron Gas'); APS copy not read | Table III in Ry per electron (converted × 1/2); Ewald sum with the Madelung term N v_M added (text); simple cubic cell. QMBL's HF check: at rs = 1, N = 14 the energies sit 0.0376 Ha per electron below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, a correlation energy; without the Madelung term they would sit 0.365 Ha higher.

-0.0551799(2) — FermiNet (16 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.772519(3)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E n_det=16; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0551786(3) — FermiNet (16 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation...

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.772501(4)

Table II (SM S3.B), rs=10, column E'' n_det=16; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1170; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0551699(2) — FermiNet (16 determinants)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.772378(3)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E' n_det=16; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0551615(3) — Iterative backflow (single determinant)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2202.04622 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.1103229(7)

Table III column EIBVMC, block Ne = 14 (paramagnetic), row rs = 10.0; sources/2202.04622.txt line 520; printed in Ry per electron; version read: arXiv:2202.04622v3 text (title 'Wave function Ansatz (but Periodic) Networks and the Homogeneous Electron Gas'); APS copy not read | Table III in Ry per electron (converted × 1/2); Ewald sum with the Madelung term N v_M added (text); simple cubic cell. QMBL's HF check: at rs = 1, N = 14 the energies sit 0.0376 Ha per electron below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, a correlation energy; without the Madelung term they would sit 0.365 Ha higher.

-0.0551086(3) — FermiNet (4 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation...

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.771521(4)

Table II (SM S3.B), rs=10, column E'' n_det=4; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1169; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0551037(3) — FermiNet (4 determinants, Gaussian basis transformation)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.771452(4)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E n_det=4; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.05509 — TC-DCD (correlator cutoff k_c = √2 × 2π/L; extrapolated:...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.05509

Table I, row rs=10.0, column TC-DCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 381; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.0550894(2) — FermiNet (1 determinant, Gaussian basis transformation)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.771252(3)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E n_det=1; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0550893(3) — FermiNet (1 determinant, Gaussian basis transformation...

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.771250(4)

Table II (SM S3.B), rs=10, column E'' n_det=1; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1168; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0550869(3) — FermiNet (4 determinants)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.771216(4)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E' n_det=4; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0550698(2) — FermiNet (1 determinant)

Checked 2026-10-16 · source text of arXiv:2604.15888 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.770977(3)

Table III (SM S3.D), rs=10, column E' n_det=1; sources/2604.15888.txt line 1327; printed in Ha, total; version read: arXiv text with its Supplemental Material; no journal version (Crossref) | Total energies in Hartree (captions 'Total energies, in Hartree'), divided by N; the SM's Ewald sum includes the self-image terms. QMBL's HF check: N = 14, rs = 1, sc: E/N = 0.56902 is 0.0375 Ha below QMBL's HF energy 0.6065343, as arXiv:2202.04622's are.

-0.0542 — TC-CCD (correlator cutoff k_c = √2 × 2π/L; extrapolated:...

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.05420

Table I, row rs=10.0, column TC-CCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 381; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.05289 — DCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.05289

Table I, row rs=10.0, column DCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 381; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

-0.0519395(4) — MP2 (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))

Checked 2026-10-19 · source text of arXiv:1202.4990 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. E_c = -0.163951(6) (total, Ha)

Table I, rs=10.0; sources/1202.4990.txt line 8300; printed correlation energy -0.163951(6) Ha for 14 electrons; E = E_HF + E_c with E_HF = -0.0402287252155 Ha per electron (QMBL, checks/heg-hf/hf.mjs); version read: arXiv text, Table I; APS copy not read | Correlation energy E_c = E - E_HF, total for the cell, Hartree; 14, 38 or 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell at the Gamma point, a closed shell, so E_HF is the unique plane-wave determinant's. Stored E = E_HF + E_c with E_HF from QMBL (checks/heg-hf/hf.mjs; RULES.md 12.3, 2026-10-19).

-0.0513716 — CCD (full CCD (driver, ladders, rings, crossed-rings...

Checked 2026-10-19 · source text of arXiv:1310.6806 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. E_c = -0.156

Table III, rs=10.0, column CCD; sources/1310.6806.txt line 502; printed in Ha, total; printed correlation energy -0.156, E = E_HF + E_c with E_HF = -0.0402287252155 Ha per electron (QMBL, checks/heg-hf/hf.mjs); version read: arXiv text in sources/; journal copy not read | Sec. II (txt line 64-81): HF eigenvalues with the zero-momentum integral given by 'vM, the Madelung constant ... defined uniquely for a cell geometry and box length, and here we calculate it to be vM L ~ 2.8372'. No Ewald-sum statement beyond that. The paper prints correlation energies only, which do not depend on the Madelung term, and no Hartree-Fock energy.

-0.05137 — CCD (extrapolated: 1/M → 0 (complete basis))

Checked 2026-10-17 · source text of arXiv:2103.03176 read locally (arXiv HTML or pypdf layout text); value copied from the harvested cell and the text, no LLM transcription of numbers; single reading

Reported as. -0.05137

Table I, row rs=10.0, column CCD; sources/2103.03176.txt line 381; printed in Ha per electron; version read: arXiv text, Tables I and II; APS copy not read | 'Total energy (a.u./electron), including the Madelung constant' (Table captions), 14 and 54 electrons in a simple cubic cell; the CC energies are extrapolated to the complete basis (linear in 1/M, Sec. IV). At N = 54, rs = 1 the DCD value agrees with arXiv:0801.0518's backflow DMC to 1e-4 Ha.

Coverage

Newest published number here: 2024.

This instance as data

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